serum ne  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: Oral Supplementation With Butyrate Improves Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via a Gut-Brain Neural Circuit

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.718674

Figure Lengend Snippet: Butyrate treatment reversed the high sympathetic tone after myocardial I/R, and vagotomy diminished this protective effect. (A) LF, (B) HF, and (C) LF/HF. (D) Serum NE. **** p < 0.0001 vs. sham group; ## p < 0.01, #### p < 0.0001 vs. I/R group; &&&& p < 0.0001 vs. butyrate group. LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; NE, norepinephrine; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion.

Article Snippet: The serum norepinephrine (NE) (Cusabio Company, Wuhan, China), IL-6 (R&D Systems, MN, USA), IL-1β (MULTISCIENCES BIOTECH, Hangzhou, China), and TNF-α (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) levels were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

Article Title: Oral Supplementation With Butyrate Improves Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via a Gut-Brain Neural Circuit.

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.718674

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 | Butyrate treatment reversed the high sympathetic tone after myocardial I/R, and vagotomy diminished this protective effect. (A) LF, (B) HF, and (C) LF/HF. (D) Serum NE. ****p < 0.0001 vs. sham group; ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001 vs. I/R group; &&&&p < 0.0001 vs. butyrate group. LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; NE, norepinephrine; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion.

Article Snippet: The serum norepinephrine (NE) (Cusabio Company, Wuhan, China), IL-6 (R&D Systems,MN, USA), IL-1β (MULTISCIENCES BIOTECH, Hangzhou, China), and TNF-α (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) levels were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Techniques:

Journal: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: G q α/G 11 α deficiency in dorsomedial hypothalamus leads to obesity resulting from decreased energy expenditure and impaired sympathetic nerve activity.

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00059.2020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Mice with dorsomedial hypothalamus- specific deletion of Gq/11a (DMHGq/11KO) have impaired tolerance to acute and chronic cold conditions. A: rectal temperature in DMHGq/11KO and control mice (3–6 mo postviral injection) at room temperature (0h) or at the indicated time points after being placed at 6C ambient temper- ature (n = 8–10/group). B: serum norepinephrine (NE) levels in DMHGq/11KO and control mice at 22 C or following exposure to 6C for 5 h (n= 5/ group). C: brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA levels at room temperature (22C) or after acute exposure to 6C for 5 h (6C-5 h) or after chronic cold adaptation to 6C (6C-adapt) in DMHGq/11KO and control mice (n = 5–6/group). D: daily rectal temperature dur- ing cold adaptation in DMHGq/11KO and control mice at 4.5–6 mo postviral injection (n = 6–7/ group). The ambient temperature on each day is indicated at the top. Mice were removed from chronic cold adaptation when rectal temperature fell below 25C (indicated by the dotted line). E: representative histologic images (hematoxylin and eosin staining) of BAT, epidydimal white adi- pose tissue (eWAT), and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) from DMHGq/11KO and control mice after chronic cold adaptation. Scale bar = 100 mm. F: representative images of UCP1 immu- nostaining in iWAT sections from DMHGq/11KO and control mice after chronic cold adaptation (6C). G and H: adipocyte area (G; mm2) and num- ber/section (H) quantified for BAT (n =2–3/group), eWAT (n=3–4/group), and iWAT (n=3–4/group) from DMHGq/11KO mice and controls (each number is the average of 2 sections/mouse). Data are shown as means ± SE. P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs. control; ##P < 0.01 vs. 22 C.

Article Snippet: Norepinephrine (NE) serum levels were measured using an ELISA kit (Eagle Bioscience, Nashua, NH).

Techniques: Control, Injection, Staining